Chapter 12

The Central Nervous System

 

Embryonic Development

Place the following embryonic stages in the correct order.

 

Neural tube

 

Neural plate

 

Neural fold

 

 

 

Listed below are the primary brain vesicles.  Beside each, list the secondary brain vesicles and adult brain structures that arise from each primary vesicle.

 

Prosencephalon

 

 

 

Mesencephalon

 

 

 

Rhombencephalon

 

 

 

The Cerebrum

Define the following:

 

Gyrus

 

Sulcus

 

Fissure

 

 

The Cerebral Cortex

Beside each region of the cerebral cortex, list its function:

 

Primary motor cortex

 

 

Premotor cortex

 

 

Broca’s area

 

 

Primary somatosensory cortex

 

 

Somatosensory association cortex

 

 

Primary visual cortex

 

 

Visual association area

 

 

Primary auditory cortex

 

 

Auditory association area

 

 

Olfactory cortex

 

 

Gustatory cortex

 

 

Vestibular cortex

 

 

Prefrontal cortex

 

 

Wernicke’s area

 

 

General interpretation area

 

 

Visceral association area

 

 

What is meant by lateralization of cortical functioning?

 

 

Cerebral White Matter

What is the difference between commissures, association fibers, and projection fibers?

 

 

 

 

The Basal Nuclei

What is the function of the basal nuclei?

 

 

 

 

 

The Diencephalon

The thalamus is made of many regions, or nuclei.  What is the basic function of the thalamus?

 

 

 

 

 

The hypothalamus has many functions.  They are:

 

            a.

 

            b.

 

            c.

 

            d.

 

            e.

 

            f.

 

            g.

 

 

What are the two part of the epithalamus, and what does each do?

 

            a.

 

            b.

 

 

The Brain Stem

The Brain stem consists of 3 regions.  What are they?

 

            a.

 

            b.

 

            c.

 

 

The Cerebellum

Define the following:

 

Folia

 

Arbor vitae

 

Purkinje cells

 

 

What kinds of activities does the cerebellum seem to be involved in?

 

 

 

Functional Brain Systems

What is the function of the limbic system?

 

 

 

What are the functions of the Reticular Formation?

 

 

 

Protection of the brain

What are the three layers of the meninges?

 

            a.

 

            b.

 

            c.

 

From where does cerebrospinal fluid arise, and what structure is responsible for forming it?

 

 

In what areas would you find CSF?

 

 

 

What is meant by the term “blood-brain barrier”?

 

 

 

 

Spinal cord

Identify the following terms with respect to their anatomy or function.

 

Epidural space

 

 

Conus medullaris

 

 

Cervical and lumbar enlargements

 

 

Cauda equina

 

 

Draw a cross section of the spinal cord, and label these parts:

            Posterior horn                         Dorsal roots

            Anterior horn                           Ventral roots

            Lateral horn                             Dorsal root ganglion

            Gray commissure                  Spinal nerve

            Central canal                            Anterior median fissure

            Posterior funiculus                   Posterior median sulcus

            Anterior funiculus                     Lateral funiculus