Chapter 1

THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION

I. Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

A. Introduction

· Most important concepts are present in two subdivisions of biology:

Anatomy and Physiology. These two sciences are complementary.

· Definition of Anatomy

· Definition of Physiology

B. Subdivisions of Anatomy

C. Subdivisions of Physiology

D. Complementary of Structure and Function

· Function (physiology) always reflects structure (anatomy): this concept is referred to as

E. Levels of Structural Hierarchy

· Human body exhibits many levels of structural complexity.

1.

a.

b.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

III. Maintaining Life

A. Functional Characteristics

· There exists an interrelationship among body organ systems.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

a.

b.

8.

B. Survival needs

1.

a.

b.

c.

d.

2.

3.

4.

5.

IV. Homeostasis

1. Introduction

· Homeostasis defined:

2. Control Mechanism Characteristics

1. 3 components of reflex arc

2. Event being regulated is called-

3. Feedback Mechanisms

1.

2.

4. Homeostatic Imbalance

V. Terminology

A. Anatomical position

B. Regional terms (fig. 1.7)

a. axial-

b. appendicular-

C. Directional terms (table 1.1)

a. superior

b. inferior

c. anterior

d. posterior

e. medial

f. lateral

g. intermediate

h. proximal

i. distal

j. superficial

k. deep

D. Body planes

a. sagittal

b. frontal

c. transverse

E. Body Cavities

a.

b.

Lined by membranes called ____________________________

Two layers

i.

ii.

F. Abdominopelvic regions

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.