CHAPTER 16

THE SPECIAL SENSES

I. The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

A. Taste Buds and the Sense of Taste

1. Localization and Structure of Taste buds

a. Cell types composing taste buds

(1)

(2)

(3)

b. Taste buds found on projections called

2. Basic Taste Sensations

3. Influence of Other Sensations on Taste

B. Olfactory Epithelium and the Sense of Smell

1. Cells composing olfactory epithelium

II. The Eye and Vision

A. Anatomy of the Eye

1. Accessory Structures of the eye

a. Define conjunctiva

b. Define lacrimal apparatus

2. Tunics forming the wall of the eye

a. Outer layer is the tunic and is composed of two regions.

(1)

(2)

b. Middle layer is the tunic and is composed of three regions.

(1)

(2)

(3)

c. The inner tunic is the tunic or the retina and is made of two

layers.

(1)

d. Three cell types found in the neural layer.

(1)

(2)

(3)

e. Define optic disc

f. Define fovea centralis

3. Internal Chambers and Fluids

a. Posterior cavity contains a gel called the .

b. Anterior cavity contains a fluid called the .

4. Lens

a. Function of lens

B. Physiology of Vision

1. Photoreception

(b) Functional Anatomy of the Photoreceptors

(1) Define outer segment (receptor region)

(2) Define inner segment

(3) Define visual pigments

2. Two types of photoreceptors and their basic function

(1)

(2)

a. Chemical components of Visual Pigments

(1)

(2)

3. Stimulation of Photoreceptors

III. The Ear: Hearing and Equilibrium

A. Structure of the Ear

1. Three structures associated with the Outer (External) Ear

2. The Middle Ear (or tympanic cavity)

a. Spanned by 3 small bones, the ossicles

(1)

(2)

(3)

3. Regions associated with the Inner (Internal) Ear

B. Sound and Mechanisms of Hearing

1. Transmissions of Sound from the Outer to the Inner Ear

C. Mechanisms of Equilibrium

1. Static equilibrium

a. Sensory receptors called .

b. Found where?

c. What is static equilibrium?

2. Dynamic equilibrium

a. Sensory receptors called .

b. Found where?

c. What is dynamic equilibrium?