PART 1: BASIC CHEMISTRY
1. Concepts: Matter and Energy
A. Matter
1. States of Matter:
a.
b.
c.
B. Energy
1. Kinetic vs. Potential energy
a. Kinetic energy
b. Potential energy
2. Forms of Energy
a.
b.
c.
d.
II. Composition of Matter: Atoms and Elements
A. Basic terms
1. Elements
2. Atoms
3. Atomic Symbol
B. Atomic structure
1. Nucleus
2. Electrons
3. Models (planetary and orbital)
C. Identifying Elements
1. Atomic number
2. Mass number
Isotopes
3. Atomic weight
III. How Matter Combines: Molecules and Mixtures
A. Molecules and Compounds
1. Molecule
2. Compound
B. Mixtures
1. Solutions
a. solvent
b. solute
c. Concentrations of solutions expressed in
(1) Percent =
(2) Molarity =
2. Colloids
3. Suspensions
C. Differences between Mixtures and Compounds
1.
2.
3.
IV. Chemical Bonds
A. Electron role in chemical bond
B. Types of Chemical Bonds
1.
Which produces
ions
cations
anions
2.
Which is defined by the number of electrons being shared, with three possibilities
a.
b.
c.
3.
V. Chemical Reactions
A. Chemical Equations
· Involves the interaction of reactants to yield a product(s)
1. Reactants
2. Products
3. Molecular Formula
B. Patterns of Chemical Reactions
1.
2.
3.
C. Energy Flow in Chemical Reactions
1.
2.
D. Reversibility of Chemical Reactions
1. chemical equilibrium
E. Factors Influencing Rate of Chemical Reaction
1.
2.
3.
4.
PART 2: BIOCHEMISTRY
Compounds that contribute to body structure and function fall into two major classes; inorganic or organic compounds.
I. Inorganic Compounds
A. Water; properties give this fluid interesting capabilities
· Chemical properties
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Salts
C. Acids and Bases
1. Acids, defined as
2. Bases, defined as
3. Weak acids and bases
4. Strong acids and bases
5. pH: Acid-Base concentrations
pH scale based on-
4. Neutralization reaction
5. Buffers
· Defined as
· Strong versus weak
II. Organic Compounds
· Molecules are considered organic compounds if they contain carbon and hydrogen.
A. Carbohydrates
1. General Characteristics
2. Structural size and form
a.
b.
c.
3. Function of Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
1. General Characteristics
2. Neutral Fats, also known as
· Are comprised of
3. Phospholipids
4. Steroids
C. Proteins
1. General Characteristics
2. Structural Levels of Proteins
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Protein structure dictates function, as observed with:
a.
b.
4. Protein Denaturation
· Defined as
5. Enzymes and Enzyme Activity
a. Characteristics of Enzymes
b. Mechanisms of Enzyme Action
· How do enzymes accomplish their function?
· Steps involved
(1)
(2)
(3)
D. Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
1. General Characteristics
2. Major classes
a.
b.
E. Adenosine Triphosphate
· Defined as