I.
Generalized,
or Composite Cell
·
Human cells
have 3 major parts
a.
b.
c.
II. The Plasma Membrane: Structure
A.
Fluid
Mosaic Model
·
Defined as
1.
Basic
structure
2.
Phospholipid
Bilayer
a.
Regions
(1)
(2)
3.
Two major
families of membrane proteins
a.
b.
B. Specialized Structures of Plasma
Membrane
1.
a.
Function
2.
a.
Importance
Glue cells together, along with
(1)
(2)
b.
Types
(1)
(2)
(3)
III. Plasma Membrane: Function
A.
Membrane
Transport
1.
Characteristics
·
Movement
can occur via two processes:
a.
b.
2.
Types of
Passive Processes
a. simple diffusion
·
Characteristics
(1)
(2)
·
Membrane
serves as a barrier, except to molecules that are
(1)
(2)
(3)
b.
Osmosis
·
Involves
(1) Two forces moving water across the
membrane
(a)
(b)
(2)Tonicity
(a)
(b)
(c)
c. facilitated diffusion
d. filtration
3. Active Processes
a.
Basic Characteristics
·
Must use
·
Required by
substances that
b.
Two mechanisms
(1) Active Transport
·
Coupled
systems
(a)
(b)
·
Category
(a)
(b)
(2) Bulk (vesicular) Transport
·
Two major
types of transport processes
(a) Exocytosis
(b) Endocytosis
·
3 types of
endocytosis
a.
b.
c.
B. Generation and Maintenance of a
Resting Membrane Potential
1.
Characteristics
·
Resting
membrane potential, or RMP is described as
·
Three
factors to consider
a.chemical concentrations
b.electrical gradients
c.membrane permeability
C. Cell-Environment Interactions
·
Two
families of proteins
1.
2.
IV. The
Cytoplasm
·
What occurs
here?
A.
Basic
Characteristics
·
What are
the main components?
1.
2.
3.
B.
Cytoplasmic
Organelles
1.
Mitochondria
(MITO)
2.
Ribosome
3.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
·
Two types
of ER
a.
b.
4.
Golgi Apparatus
5.
Lysosome
6. Peroxisomes
7. Cytoskeletal Elements
·
Rod types
a.
b.
c.
8. Centrosome and Centrioles
9. Cilia and Flagella
V. The Nucleus
·
Has three
distinct structures:
A.
Nuclear
Envelope
B.
Nucleoli
C.
Chromatin
VI. Cell Growth and Reproduction
A.
The Cell
Life Cycle
1.
Interphase
a.
Characteristics
b.
Divided
into 3 subphases
1.
2.
3.
c.
DNA
replication
·
Events of
DNA synthesis
2.
Cell
Division
a.
Control of
Cell Division
b.
Events of
Cell Division
(1) Mitosis
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2) Cytokinesis
A.
Protein
Synthesis
1.
Basic
Characteristics
·
DNA serves
as a and specifies .
·
What is a
gene?
·
Information
contained in DNA is coded by a sequence of 3 bases, called a
.
·
A gene is
not simplistic but contains
a.
b.
2.
Role of RNA
·
Primarily
serves as a and .
a.
Basic
Characteristics
·
Forms of
RNA
1.
2.
3.
b.
Polypeptide
synthesis involves 2 steps:
1.
Transcription,
defined as
·
Involves
2.
Translation,
defined as
·
Involves