Chapter 8

JOINTS

I.Introduction

A. Joints, or articulations are defined as

B. Have 2 basic functions

1.

2.

II. Classification of Joints

· Classified according to function, or structure

A. Functional Classification

1.

2.

3.

B. Structural Classification

1.

3 types

(1)

(2)

(3)

2.

Represented by 2 types

(1)

(2)

3. Synovial Joints

a. General structure; have 5 distinctive features.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

b. Bursae and Tendon Sheaths

c. Factors influencing synovial joint stability

(1)

(2)

(3)

d. Movements allowed by synovial joints

· Origin

· Insertion

· Range of motion varies

e. There are 3 general types of movement:

(1)

(2)

(3)

f. Special Movements; movements that occur only at specific joints

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

g. Types of Synovial Joints

Based on structure and movement, 6 classifications:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

III. Homeostatic Imbalances of Joints

A. Joint Injuries

1. Sprains

2. Cartilage injury

Dislocations (luxation)

Subluxation

B. Inflammatory and Degenerative Conditions

1. Bursitis

2. Tendonitis

3. Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis