I(24)

a(4) As you walk the planet you discover an object shaped like the cent sign. You wonder if this is a life form. Provide four characteristics this form will have if indeed it is a form of life.
 

1.
 

2.
 

3.
 

4.
 

b(10) Your detailed chemical analysis of the planet reveals a new atom that you call moneyium. It has 124 protons and 75 neutrons in its nucleus. Give the complete atomic configuration of any ion of moneyium(2)
 

protons______ neutrons_______ electrons_______
 

You discover that this element has two different isotopes. Provide the atomic configuration of any two such isotopes(6)
 

1: protons_______ neutrons_______ electrons_______
 

2: protons_______ neutrons_______ electrons_______
 

One of the isotopes is found to be unstable and to break down into another element. What term is used to describe this instability?(2)
 

_________________
 

c(6)You find three solutions on another part of the planet. They have pHs of 3, 4 and 9.
 

Which solution has the least amount of hydrogen ions?(2)_________
 

Which solution is the most acidic? (2)_______________
 

How many more hydrogen ions are present in pH3 than in pH 4?_________
 

d(4) You discover no forms of life in the pH 3 solution. Propose an explanation that explains why there is no life in this solution. Your answer must address the behavior of certain molecules in this solution.

II(37)You begin a detailed chemical analysis of the cent form, hoping to find enzymes.

a(10) In less than 25 word, tell me what an enzyme is. (4)
 

Now tell me what a substrate is(3).
 

The enzyme found has two active sites. Tell me what the active site is(3)
 

b.(9) Your analysis of molecules continues by looking for the presence of certain elements in the chemicals.
 

What two earth biological polymers contain nitrogen?(2)
 

______________________ ______________________
 

What element would you use to distinguish between the two compounds you listed above. Be sure to say which polymer contains the element you choose(2)

The remaining two groups of polymers do not contain nitrogen. What are they?(2)
 

___________________ _____________________

How can you distinguish between these two polymers(3)
 

A yuppie opened the door of his BMW too close to a moving car. The ploiceman remarked that the yuppie was so concerned about his car that he didn't notice that his arm had been removed along with the door. The yuppie replied, "Gosh, I've lost my Rolex."

c(9) You find three types of molecules; based on the following structures, tell me what monomer you have identified and what polymer it makes up

molecule building block polymer

_________________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

_________________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 
 

_________________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

_________________________________________________________________________
 

d(3) You discover an unusual compound that acts a very strong birth control chemical, but it seems to work only when it is applied to the underarms as a deodorant. You name this compound armpitin. This chemical has the formula HNO₂. Draw the structure of this compound so that it obeys the bonding rules

e(6) Another chemical is one that is identical to one given to elected officials during their oaths of office. It makes them incapable of logical or even coherent speech once in office. The compounds have the formula C₃H₆ You name the compounds Tweedle Dumb and Tweedle dumber. Draw the structures for the two isomers with this formula
 

A nightwatchman in a mill in Munich, Germany called the police to report that dogs had taken over the mill. He frantically exclaimed, "The Mills are alive with hounds of Munich."

III(15)

Provide three different properties of water that are important for living system, then tell me why each property is inportant.
1

2.

3
IV(24) Contrast the following pairs of terms. Do not exceed 10 words per term.

isomer isotope
1.
 

2.

monomer(building block) polymer
 

pH3 pH 9

proton electron

electron neutron

substrate active site

fatty acid fat

A chiropractor discovered that he could tell where a person's back was hurting merely by examining the facial expressions of the patient. He published his findings in a book entitled FACE, THE SPINAL FRONTIER.
 

What do you call a red blood cell that goes trick or treating? A hemogoblin.
 

test 2 Spring 1998

)I(41)

a(30) For each of the following processes, list one compound that is necessary for the start of the process and two end products.
 
 
 

Process	starting material	end products
light dep. photo-  synthesis
light independent  photosynthesis
glycolysis
TCA cycle
electron transport

b (5) Explain why an intake of large amount of carbohydrates often results in the accumulation of large amounts of fats.
 

c.(3)Why is oxygen necessary for most forms of life? Do not tell me because it keeps things alive. Be specific.
 

d. (3) Explain what you would do to make wine from grapes. For each step, provide a simple explanation as to why the step is necessary. (not all the numbered steps need be used)
1.
 

2.
 

3.

4.

II. (32)

a (12) In addition to solving problems common to all organisms, tell me two problems that must be solved by terrestrial organisms, then tell me how the problem is solved by trees and humans
 

problem	solution by trees	solution by humans
1
2

b.(6) After a careful search for life you succeed in discovering three different types of cells

One type of cell is found to be capable of moving by short hair-like projections from the cell. What two specific kinds of organelles do you expect this cell to have? Explain. (One of them is the appendage; the other is necessary for the appendage to move)
 

c. (8) Another cell is found to be capable of making usable energy from sunlight and to release no enzymes into the environment. What organelle does this cell definitely possess? Explain(4)
 

What other organelle that applies to the above properties of cell B does cell B possess? Explain(4)
 

d (6)The third cell type seems unable to change shape when placed in a salt solution even though it can be demonstrated that water is leaving this cell. What two structures are probably present in this cell. Explain.(3)
 

Will this third cell be capable of phagocytosis? Explain(3)

III.(27)

a (12) Contrast the following pairs of terms. Do not exceed 10 words per term.
 

active transport(two differences) facilitated diffusion
1.

2.

hypotonic hypertonic

free ribosomes ribosomes attached to membranes

prokaryotic cell (2 differences) eukaryotic cell
1.

2

b(6) Suppose you have a commercial greenhouse that grows primarily C₃ plants. Provide three things that you could do to maximize the growth of these plants. Then tell me how/ why each of the items would improve plant growth.

item/process reason

1.

2.

3.

c. (6)Suppose a green cloud permanently covered the earth. What would be the consequences of this cloud for plants? for animals? Be sure to explain your reasoning

plants

animals

d(3) Briefly describe the structure of all biological membranes

test 3
I(24) The following questions or phrases require one or two word answers.
 

a. Blood is the left atrium. The next two CHAMBERS in order that it will encounter are
______________________ then ____________________

b. Exchange of materials between the blood and tissues occurs in the ______________

c. Which two chambers of the heart are mismatched with the blood vessels that serve them?

(Circle mismatched items)

right ventricle and vena cava left ventricle and aorta

right atrium and pulmonary artery left atrium and pulmonary vein

d. The fluid portion of blood is known as _________________

e. Which artery carries oxygen poor blood?__________________

f. The _________________ blood cells are involved in protecting the body from foreign invaders.

g. Blood clotting proteins are manufactured by the ________________

h. The pacemaker of the heart is the _______________________

i. Where does each of the following processes occur?

mechanical breakdown of food________________________

reabsorption of digestive fluids_______________

production of bile___________________

j. Is the digestive fluid produced by the pancreas acidic or basic?__________

k. Oxygen is transported to tissues bound to____________ inside of _____________ cells.

l. Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place?__________________

m. ____________ is the causative agent of AIDS; the SPECIFIC CELL that it infects is __________.

n. (5) Explain the role of the diaphragm in breathing, then relate its role to the Heimlich maneuver that is used when people are choking.

II(26) Contrast the following terms. Ten word maximum per term.

artery vein (give two differences)

1.

2.

atrium ventricle

xylem phloem

1.
 

2

macronutrient micronutrient

red blood cell white blood cell

SA node AV node

mode of oxygen transport mode of carbon dioxide transport

fibrinogen fibrin

aorta coronary artery

B lymphocyte T lymphocyte

1.

2.

III(45) For each of the of the following symptoms, tell me the specific organ/structure/ cell that is malfunctioning, then tell me how it is malfunctioning. For defects involving the kidney, you must specify the region; e. g., proximal tubule etc.
1.

2. low pH of fluids in small intestine

3. bacteria in lungs

4. heart attack

5. heart murmur

6. difficulty in clotting blood (give 2 different causes)

a

b

7. difficulty in digesting fats

8. low level of oxygen arriving at tissues

9. difficulty in breathing (give two different causes)

a.

b.

10. diarrhea (give two causes)

a.

b.

11. difficulty in getting water from roots to leaves of plants (give two different causes)
a.

b.

IV(11)

a(5) Blood is in the portal vein. Identify the location of the various sets of capillaries it will pass through before reaching the right ventricle.

b(6) Transpiration is often said to be a necessary evil for plants

Why is it necessary?

Why is it evil?.