Dr. Prinsky
Engl. 1101
Augusta State University
Test on Adam Smith’s “Inequalities Arising from the Nature of the Employments Themselves” (Ch. 10, Part 1, of The Wealth of Nations)
1. As mentioned in the editor’s (= Prinsky’s) introduction to the chapter from The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith wrote how many books: (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
2. As implied by the editor’s introduction, one of the reasons that The Wealth of Nations is so well written is that Smith: (a) wrote it when he was young (b) was a professor of and published author about language arts (c) had a coauthor (d) learned English only after having learned both Greek and Latin
3. As Adam Smith uses the term in his essay (and pointed out in the editor’s introduction), the word stock means: (a) supply of goods or workers needed for the business (b) the paper, or now electronic issue, indicating ownership in the company by those who buy a share in it (c) the ordinary manner of conducting business (d) raw material prior to manufacturing
4. Smith’s introduction to the essay or chapter part could be categorized (see the composition handbook and Prinsky’s English 1101 Pamphlet about types of introductions or introductory paragraphs) as: (a) anecdotal (b) beginning with a quotation (c) elaborate (d) straight to the point
5. The main number of general reasons or factors influencing pay for a job is/are: (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
6. According to Smith, the agreeableness or disagreeableness of a job has how many main possible components: (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
7. As implied by Smith (in par. 2), a collier earns, relative to a journeyman tailor: (a) more (b) the same (c) less (d) not able to be inferred from the reading
8. As stated by Smith (par. 2), generally the more honorable a profession: (a) the more it is paid (b) the less it is paid (c) the honorableness makes no difference in pay (d) the less happy are its practitioners
9. The tone in Smith’s last example of who is paid what and why, relative to disagreeableness (par. 2) is: (a) humorous (b) sorrowful (c) impartial (d) outraged
10. Hunting and fishing as employments (par. 3) fall under Smith’s discussion of an employment’s: (a) agreeableness or disagreeableness (b) easiness or cheapness, difficulty or expense in learning (c) constancy or inconstancy (d) amount of trust required (e) easiness to succeed in
11. According to Smith (par. 3), hunting and fishing as activities have, in general, changed over a long period from: (a) pleasant to difficult (b) recreations to necessities (c) disagreeable to the reverse (d) non-competitive to competitive sports contests
12. The tavern keeper (par. 4) is discussed as an example of an employment’s: (a) agreeableness or disagreeableness (b) easiness or cheapness, difficulty or expense in learning (c) constancy or inconstancy (d) amount of trust required (e) easiness to succeed in
13. According to Smith, a tavern keeper, with regard to the main criterion of salary or pay being discussed (par. 4), should earn: (a) less than other employments (b) the same as other employments (c) more than other employments (d) can’t be deduced from the paragraph
14. At the start of discussing his second main factor for what a job or profession is paid (par. 5), Smith compares a worker to a: (a) business (b) goldmine (c) machine (d) factory
15. The comparison referred to in the immediately preceding question could best be categorized as what kind of figurative language, or figure of speech: (a) synecdoche (b) understatement (c) metonymy (d) analogy
16. The underlying idea of the figurative language referred to in the two immediately preceding questions, dealing with Smith’s comparison of two items, as well as how this idea is applied in the paragraph, is: (a) how the two items function (b) how much the two items cost (c) why the two items break down (d) who produces or manufactures the two items (e) what particular product each of the two items makes
17. The pronoun “former” in the third sentence of par. 6 (“It seems to suppose . . . by and by”), refers to: (a) skilled laborers (b) country laborers (c) Europeans (d) common laborers
18. As Smith uses the term “common labor” throughout his discussion of “skilled labor” vs. “common labor” (par. 6), the worker best exemplifying “common labor” would be a: (a) trashman (b) ditch digger (c) farmhand (d) stock clerk
19. Smith makes all the following main point about apprentices except which one (par. 6): (a) they cost others some money (b) they often are legally required to be apprentices before officially entering the trade (c) they don’t receive much in monetary wages (d) they continually work hard
20. The pronoun “they” the sentence “They are so accordingly, and their superior . . . rank of people” (par. 6) refers to: (a) artificers (b) mechanics (c) wages (d) laborers
21. According to Smith’s discussion of “skilled labor” and “common labor” (par. 6), skilled laborers in the cloth industry make: (a) much more than common laborers (b) slightly more common laborers (c) the same as common laborers (d) less than common laborers
22. Besides his examination of skilled labor and common labor within his discussion of the second main factor relating to the wages or pay of a job or profession (par. 6), Smith raises at the end (the penultimate sentence of par. 6) which one of the other main overall factors relating to wages or pay: (a) the first (b) the third (c) the fourth (d) the fifth
23. Painters and sculptors are used (par. 7) by Smith to illustrate professions that ought to pay well because of which one of the five factors determining salary or pay: (a) agreeableness or disagreeableness of the work (b) easiness, cheapness, difficulty, or expense of training for the work (c) constancy or inconstancy of the work (d) trust needed in the worker (e) probability of success in the work
24. As used in par. 8, the term “stock” refers to: (a) ordinariness (b) document proving ownership in a company or business (c) an exchange where shares are traded (d) inventory of supplies required to run a business
25. As implied by Smith in his discussion of the constancy or inconstancy of employment (par. 9), a mason or bricklayer should be categorized as: (a) a common laborer (b) a skilled laborer (c) neither a common or a skilled laborer (d) both a common and a skilled laborer
26. The salary or pay of a modern construction worker, based on what Smith says in his discussion of the constancy or inconstancy of employment (first half of par. 9), needs to reflect: (a) long layoff periods (b) training for the job (c) benefits of the job to society (d) the danger of the job
27. According to Smith, a house carpenter’s job, compared to a mason’s or bricklayer’s job (par. 9), requires: (a) less skill (b) more skill (c) about the same skill (d) almost no skill whatever
28. Relating to the point referred to in the immediately preceding question, Smith notes in his further discussion (par. 9) that the carpenter is paid, relative to the mason or bricklayer: (a) less (b) more (c) equal (d) both less and more
29. As used in par. 10, the word “nicer” means more: (a) friendly (b) exact (c) pleasant (d) moral
30. As pointed out by Smith in par. 11, the same job may be more or less constant in its employment, depending on: (a) location (b) weather (c) gender (d) social class
31. A job that is less constant than others, according to Smith in par. 11, will receive a salary, relative to other jobs, that is: (a) less (b) more (c) equal (d) can’t be determined
32. As stated in both par. 11 and par. 12, a skilled job may be paid, relative to an unskilled job: (a) less (b) more (c) equal (d) can’t be determined
33. As stated in par. 12, coal heavers can be expected receive a salary, relative to colliers, that is (a) less (b) more (c) equal (d) can’t be determined
34. Smith gives as examples of occupations or professions that require trust (par. 14) all the following except which one: (a) doctor (b) lawyer (c) statesman (d) jeweler
35. According to Smith (par. 16) a lawyer has a chance of succeeding, relative to a shoemaker, that is: (a) less (b) more (c) equal (d) can’t be determined
36. In his phrase “the lottery of the law” (par. 16), Smith uses which figure of speech: (a) understatement (b) simile (c) personification (d) metaphor
37. According to Smith (par. 16), the occupation or profession that requires the greatest expenses during a year is: (a) shoemaker (b) weaver (c) lawyer (d) physician (e) bricklayer
38. According to Smith (par. 17), people should logically be least inclined to take a chance succeeding in which occupation or profession: (a) shoemaker (b) weaver (c) lawyer (d) physician (e) bricklayer
39. According to Smith (par. 18), entertainers are paid more than other occupations or professions because of: (a) the long training for the job (b) the competitiveness of the job (c) the public’s need for diversion (d) the shame of the job
40. According to Smith (par. 18), the salary of entertainers would decline if which factor of the job was reduced: (a) public demand (b) training (c) legal obstacles (d) shame